On the Roster, the first tab of your Team page, you'll find a very detailed description of your players and their skills. You might find it useful to sort them with the sort control at the top of the list: by position, OVR, age, salary, DMI, jersey number, TSP or any single skill.
When you open another team's roster, you'll see each player's weekly salary, age, height, best position, DMI and OVR, but not his skills: those stay private unless the player is on the transfer list. If you want more information, open the player's page and study his game log and statistics. On your own player's page you'll find some additional features: you can follow his week-by-week training, put him on the transfer list or fire him, and supporters can also set his jersey number, nickname, quote and look.